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Erwan Normand
2024-06-26 23:58:14 +02:00
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2-perception/xr-perception/4-experiment.tex
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\section{User Study}
\sublabel{experiment}
\label{sec:experiment}
\begin{subfigswide}{renderings}{%
The three visual rendering conditions and the experimental procedure of the two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) psychophysical study.
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\subfig[0.32][]{experiment/virtual}
\end{subfigswide}
Our visuo-haptic rendering system, described in \secref{xr_perception:method}, allows free exploration of virtual vibrotactile textures on tangible surfaces directly touched with the bare finger to simulate roughness augmentation, while the visual rendering of the hand and environment can be controlled to be in AR or VR.
Our visuo-haptic rendering system, described in \secref{method}, allows free exploration of virtual vibrotactile textures on tangible surfaces directly touched with the bare finger to simulate roughness augmentation, while the visual rendering of the hand and environment can be controlled to be in AR or VR.
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The user study aimed to investigate the effect of visual hand rendering in AR or VR on the perception of roughness texture augmentation. % of a touched tangible surface.
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@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ In order not to influence the perception, as vision is an important source of in
\subsection{Participants}
\sublabel{participants}
\label{sec:participants}
Twenty participants were recruited for the study (16 males, 3 females, 1 prefer not to say), aged between 18 and 61 years old (\median{26}{}, \iqr{6.8}{}).
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@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ They all signed an informed consent form before the user study and were unaware
\subsection{Apparatus}
\sublabel{apparatus}
\label{sec:apparatus}
An experimental environment similar as \citeauthorcite{gaffary2017ar} was created to ensure a similar visual rendering in AR and VR (see \figref{renderings}).
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@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ Its size was adjusted to match the real hand of the participants before the expe
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%An OST-AR headset (Microsoft HoloLens~2) was chosen over a VST-AR headset because the former only adds virtual content to the real environment, while the latter streams a real-time video capture of the real environment, and one of our objectives was to directly compare a virtual environment replicating a real one, not to a video feed that introduces many other visual limitations~\autocite{macedo2023occlusion}.
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The visual rendering of the virtual hand and environment is described in \secref{xr_perception:virtual_real_alignment}.
The visual rendering of the virtual hand and environment is described in \secref{virtual_real_alignment}.
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%In the \level{Virtual} rendering, a cardboard mask (with holes for sensors) was attached to the headset to block the view of the real environment and simulate a VR headset (see \figref{method/headset}).
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@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ Participants sat comfortably in front of the box at a distance of \qty{30}{\cm},
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%A vibrotactile voice-coil actuator (HapCoil-One, Actronika) was encased in a 3D printed plastic shell with a \qty{2}{\cm} AprilTag glued to top, and firmly attached to the middle phalanx of the right index finger of the participants using a Velcro strap.
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The generation of the virtual texture and the control of the virtual hand is described in \secref{xr_perception:method}.
The generation of the virtual texture and the control of the virtual hand is described in \secref{method}.
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They also wore headphones with a pink noise masking the sound of the voice-coil.
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@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ The user study was held in a quiet room with no windows.
\subsection{Procedure}
\sublabel{procedure}
\label{sec:procedure}
Participants were first given written instructions about the experimental setup and procedure, the informed consent form to sign, and a demographic questionnaire.
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@@ -136,13 +136,13 @@ Participants were not told that there was a reference and a comparison texture.
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The order of presentation was randomised and not revealed to the participants.
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All textures were rendered as described in \secref{xr_perception:texture_generation} with period $\lambda$ of \qty{2}{\mm}, but with different amplitudes $A$ to create different levels of roughness.
All textures were rendered as described in \secref{texture_generation} with period $\lambda$ of \qty{2}{\mm}, but with different amplitudes $A$ to create different levels of roughness.
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Preliminary studies allowed us to determine a range of amplitudes that could be felt by the participants and were not too uncomfortable, and the reference texture was chosen to be the one with the middle amplitude.
\subsection{Experimental Design}
\sublabel{experimental_design}
\label{sec:experimental_design}
The user study was a within-subjects design with two factors:
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@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ A total of 3 visual renderings \x 6 amplitude differences \x 2 texture presentat
\subsection{Collected Data}
\sublabel{collected_data}
\label{sec:collected_data}
For each trial, the \textit{Texture Choice} by the participant as the roughest of the pair was recorded.
%