Fix acronyms
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\section{User Study}
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\label{method}
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This first experiment aims to analyze whether the chosen visual hand rendering affects the performance and user experience of manipulating virtual objects with bare hands in AR.
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This first experiment aims to analyze whether the chosen visual hand rendering affects the performance and user experience of manipulating virtual objects with bare hands in \AR.
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\subsection{Visual Hand Renderings}
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\label{hands}
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@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ However, while the real hand can of course penetrate virtual objects, the visual
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\subsubsection{None~(\figref{method/hands-none})}
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\label{hands_none}
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As a reference, we considered no visual hand rendering, as is common in AR \cite{hettiarachchi2016annexing, blaga2017usability, xiao2018mrtouch, teng2021touch}.
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As a reference, we considered no visual hand rendering, as is common in \AR \cite{hettiarachchi2016annexing, blaga2017usability, xiao2018mrtouch, teng2021touch}.
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Users have no information about hand tracking and no feedback about contact with the virtual objects, other than their movement when touched.
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@@ -55,12 +55,12 @@ This rendering schematically renders the joints and phalanges of the fingers wit
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It can be seen as an extension of the Tips rendering to include the complete fingers articulations.
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It is widely used in VR \cite{argelaguet2016role, schwind2018touch, chessa2019grasping} and AR \cite{blaga2017usability, yoon2020evaluating}, as it is considered simple yet rich and comprehensive.
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It is widely used in \VR \cite{argelaguet2016role, schwind2018touch, chessa2019grasping} and \AR \cite{blaga2017usability, yoon2020evaluating}, as it is considered simple yet rich and comprehensive.
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\subsubsection{Mesh (\figref{method/hands-mesh})}
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\label{hands_mesh}
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This rendering is a 3D semi-transparent ($a=0.2$) hand model, which is common in VR \cite{prachyabrued2014visual, argelaguet2016role, schwind2018touch, chessa2019grasping, yoon2020evaluating, vanveldhuizen2021effect}.
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This rendering is a 3D semi-transparent ($a=0.2$) hand model, which is common in \VR \cite{prachyabrued2014visual, argelaguet2016role, schwind2018touch, chessa2019grasping, yoon2020evaluating, vanveldhuizen2021effect}.
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It can be seen as a filled version of the Contour hand rendering, thus partially covering the view of the real hand.
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@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ This setup enabled a good and consistent tracking of the user's fingers.
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First, participants were given a consent form that briefed them about the tasks and the protocol of the experiment.
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Then, participants were asked to comfortably sit in front of a table and wear the HoloLens~2 headset as shown in~\figref{tasks}, perform the calibration of the visual hand size as described in~\secref{apparatus}, and complete a 2-minutes training to familiarize with the AR rendering and the two considered tasks.
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Then, participants were asked to comfortably sit in front of a table and wear the HoloLens~2 headset as shown in~\figref{tasks}, perform the calibration of the visual hand size as described in~\secref{apparatus}, and complete a 2-minutes training to familiarize with the \AR rendering and the two considered tasks.
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During this training, we did not use any of the six hand renderings we want to test, but rather a fully-opaque white hand rendering that completely occluded the real hand of the user.
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@@ -182,9 +182,9 @@ None of the participants reported any deficiencies in their visual perception ab
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Two subjects were left-handed, while the twenty-two other were right-handed; they all used their dominant hand during the trials.
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Ten subjects had significant experience with VR (\enquote{I use it every week}), while the fourteen other reported little to no experience with VR.
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Ten subjects had significant experience with \VR (\enquote{I use it every week}), while the fourteen other reported little to no experience with \VR.
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Two subjects had significant experience with AR (\enquote{I use it every week}), while the twenty-two other reported little to no experience with AR.
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Two subjects had significant experience with \AR (\enquote{I use it every week}), while the twenty-two other reported little to no experience with \AR.
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Participants signed an informed consent, including the declaration of having no conflict of interest.
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