Better figures

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2024-09-24 15:07:13 +02:00
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\section{User Study}
\label{experiment}
\begin{subfigswide}{renderings}{%
The three visual rendering conditions and the experimental procedure of the two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) psychophysical study.
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During a trial, two tactile textures were rendered on the augmented area of the paper sheet (black rectangle) for 3\,s each, one after the other, then the participant chose which one was the roughest.
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The visual rendering stayed the same during the trial.
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(\level{Real}) The real environment and real hand view without any visual augmentation.
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(\level{Mixed}) The real environment and hand view with the virtual hand.
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(\level{Virtual}) Virtual environment with the virtual hand.
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%The pictures are captured directly from the Microsoft HoloLens 2 headset.
}
\hidesubcaption
\subfig[0.32]{experiment/real}
\subfig[0.32]{experiment/mixed}
\subfig[0.32]{experiment/virtual}
\end{subfigswide}
\begin{subfigs}{renderings}{
The three visual rendering conditions and the experimental procedure of the two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) psychophysical study.
}[
During a trial, two tactile textures were rendered on the augmented area of the paper sheet (black rectangle) for \qty{3}{\s} each, one after the other, then the participant chose which one was the roughest.
The visual rendering stayed the same during the trial.
%The pictures are captured directly from the Microsoft HoloLens 2 headset.
][
\item The real environment and real hand view without any visual augmentation.
\item The real environment and hand view with the virtual hand.
\item Virtual environment with the virtual hand.
]
\subfig[0.32]{experiment/real}
\subfig[0.32]{experiment/mixed}
\subfig[0.32]{experiment/virtual}
\end{subfigs}
Our visuo-haptic rendering system, described in \secref{method}, allows free exploration of virtual vibrotactile textures on tangible surfaces directly touched with the bare finger to simulate roughness augmentation, while the visual rendering of the hand and environment can be controlled to be in AR or VR.
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@@ -34,22 +34,20 @@ The \level{Real} rendering had the lowest JND (\percent{26} \ci{23}{29}), the \l
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All pairwise differences were statistically significant.
\begin{subfigs}{discrimination_accuracy}{%
Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) results in the vibrotactile texture roughness discrimination task, with non-parametric bootstrap 95\% confidence intervals.
}[%
\item Percentage of trials in which the comparison texture was perceived as rougher than the reference texture, as a function of the amplitude difference between the two textures and the visual rendering.
Curves represent predictions from the GLMM (probit link function) and points are estimated marginal means.
\item Estimated points of subjective equality (PSE) of each visual rendering.
%, defined as the amplitude difference at which both reference and comparison textures are perceived to be equivalent, \ie the accuracy in discriminating vibrotactile roughness.
\item Estimated just-noticeable difference (JND) of each visual rendering.
%, defined as the minimum perceptual amplitude difference, \ie the sensitivity to vibrotactile roughness differences.
]
\subfig[0.85]{results/trial_predictions}\\
\subfig[0.45]{results/trial_pses}
\subfig[0.45]{results/trial_jnds}
\begin{subfigs}{discrimination_accuracy}{Results of the vibrotactile texture roughness discrimination task. }[
Curves represent predictions from the GLMM model (probit link function), and points are estimated marginal means with non-parametric bootstrap 95\% confidence intervals.
][
\item Proportion of trials in which the comparison texture was perceived as rougher than the reference texture, as a function of the amplitude difference between the two textures and the visual rendering.
\item Estimated points of subjective equality (PSE) of each visual rendering.
%, defined as the amplitude difference at which both reference and comparison textures are perceived to be equivalent, \ie the accuracy in discriminating vibrotactile roughness.
\item Estimated just-noticeable difference (JND) of each visual rendering.
%, defined as the minimum perceptual amplitude difference, \ie the sensitivity to vibrotactile roughness differences.
]
\subfig[0.85]{results/trial_predictions}\\
\subfig[0.45]{results/trial_pses}
\subfig[0.45]{results/trial_jnds}
\end{subfigs}
\subsubsection{Response Time}
\label{response_time}