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\chaptertoc
%This PhD manuscript shows how wearable haptics, worn on the outside of the hand, can improve direct hand interaction in immersive \AR by augmenting the perception of the virtual content and its manipulation.
In this manuscript thesis, we show how immersive \AR, which integrates visual virtual content into the real world perception, and wearable haptics, which provides tactile sensations on the skin, can improve the free and direct interaction of virtual objects with the hand.
In this manuscript thesis, we show how immersive \AR, which integrates visual virtual content into the real world perception, and wearable haptics, which provide tactile sensations on the skin, can improve the free and direct interaction of virtual objects with the hand.
Our goal is to enable users to perceive and interact with wearable visuo-haptic augmentations in a more realistic and effective way, as if they were real.
%interaction of the hand with the virtual content.%, moving towards a seamless integration of the virtual into the real world.
%We are particularly interested in enabling direct contact of virtual and augmented objects with the bare hand.
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ For this second axis of research, we propose to \textbf{design and evaluate visu
We consider the effect on user performance and experience of (1) the visual feedback of the virtual hand as augmentation of the real hand and (2) different delocalized haptic feedback of virtual object manipulation with the hand in combination with visual hand augmentations.
First, the visual feedback of the virtual hand is a key element for interacting and manipulating virtual objects in \VR \cite{prachyabrued2014visual,grubert2018effects}.
Some work has also investigated the visual feedback of the virtual hand in \AR \cite{piumsomboon2014graspshell,blaga2017usability}, but not in an immersive context of virtual object manipulation. % with the bare hand.% from simulating mutual occlusions between the hand and virtual objects \cite{piumsomboon2014graspshell,al-kalbani2016analysis} to displaying the virtual hand as an avatar overlay \cite{blaga2017usability,yoon2020evaluating}, augmenting the real hand.
Some work has also investigated the visual feedback of the virtual hand in \AR, but not in an immersive context of virtual object manipulation \cite{blaga2017usability,yoon2020evaluating} or was limited to a single visual hand augmentation \cite{piumsomboon2014graspshell,maisto2017evaluation}. % with the bare hand.% from simulating mutual occlusions between the hand and virtual objects \cite{piumsomboon2014graspshell,al-kalbani2016analysis} to displaying the virtual hand as an avatar overlay \cite{blaga2017usability,yoon2020evaluating}, augmenting the real hand.
\OST-\AR also has significant perceptual differences from \VR due to the visibility of the real hand and environment, which can affect user experience and performance \cite{yoon2020evaluating}.
%, and these visual hand augmentations have not been evaluated .
Thus, our fourth objective is to \textbf{investigate the visual feedback of the virtual hand as augmentation of the real hand} for direct hand manipulation of virtual objects.