Simpler section reference labels

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2024-08-13 09:57:40 +02:00
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29 changed files with 99 additions and 99 deletions

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\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\label{introduction}
When we look at the surface of an everyday object, we then touch it to confirm or contrast our initial visual impression and to estimate the properties of the object~\autocite{ernst2002humans}.
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\section{User Study}
\label{sec:experiment}
\label{experiment}
\begin{subfigs}{setup}{%
User Study.
}[%
}[%
\item The nine visuo-haptic textures used in the user study, selected from the HaTT database~\autocite{culbertson2014one}. %
The texture names were never shown, so as to prevent the use of the user's visual or haptic memory of the textures.
\item Experimental setup. %
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\item First person view of the user study, as seen through the immersive AR headset HoloLens~2. %
The visual texture overlays are statically displayed on the surfaces, allowing the user to move around to view them from different angles. %
The haptic roughness texture is generated based on HaTT data-driven texture models and finger speed, and it is rendered on the middle index phalanx as it slides on the considered surface.%
]
]
\subfig[0.32]{experiment/textures}%
\subfig[0.32]{experiment/setup}%
\subfig[0.32]{experiment/view}%
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Our objective is to assess which haptic textures were associated with which visu
\subsection{The textures}
\label{sec::textures}
\label{textures}
The 100 visuo-haptic texture pairs of the HaTT database~\autocite{culbertson2014one} were preliminary tested and compared using AR and vibrotactile haptic feedback on the finger on a tangible surface.
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\subsection{Apparatus}
\label{sec::apparatus}
\label{apparatus}
\figref{setup} shows the experimental setup (middle) and the first person view (right) of the user study.
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@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ The user study was held in a quiet room with no windows, with one light source o
\subsection{Procedure and Collected Data}
\label{sec::procedure}
\label{procedure}
Participants were first given written instructions about the experimental setup, the tasks, and the procedure of the user study.
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\subsection{Participants}
\label{sec::participants}
\label{participants}
Twenty participants took part to the user study (12 males, 7 females, 1 preferred not to say), aged between 20 and 60 years old (M=29.1, SD=9.4).
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@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ They all signed an informed consent form before the user study.
\subsection{Design}
\label{sec::design}
\label{design}
The matching task was a single-factor within-subjects design, \textit{Visual Texture}, with the following levels:
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\section{Results}
\label{sec:results}
\label{results}
\subsection{Textures Matching}
\label{sec:results_matching}
\label{results_matching}
\subsubsection{Confusion Matrix}
\label{sec:results_matching_confusion_matrix}
\label{results_matching_confusion_matrix}
\begin{subfigs}{results_matching_ranking}{%
(Left) Confusion matrix of the matching task, with the presented visual textures as columns and the selected haptic texture in proportion as rows. %
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ Another explanation could be that the participants had difficulties to estimate
Indeed, many participants explained that they tried to identify or imagine the roughness of a given visual texture then to select the most plausible haptic texture, in terms of frequency and/or amplitude of vibrations.
\subsubsection{Completion Time}
\label{sec:results_matching_time}
\label{results_matching_time}
To verify that the difficulty with all the visual textures was the same on the matching task, the \textit{Completion Time} of a trial, \ie the time between the visual texture display and the haptic texture selection, was analyzed.
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@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ No statistical significant effect of \textit{Visual Texture} was found (\anova{8
\subsection{Textures Ranking}
\label{sec:results_ranking}
\label{results_ranking}
\figref{results_matching_ranking} (right) presents the results of the three rankings of the haptic textures alone, the visual textures alone, and the visuo-haptic texture pairs.
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@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ These results indicate, with \figref{results_matching_ranking} (right), that the
\subsection{Perceived Similarity of Visual and Haptic Textures}
\label{sec:results_similarity}
\label{results_similarity}
\begin{subfigs}{results_similarity}{%
(Left) Correspondence analysis of the matching task confusion matrix (see \figref{results_matching_ranking}, left).
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ This shows that the participants consistently identified the roughness of each v
\subsection{Questionnaire}
\label{sec:results_questions}
\label{results_questions}
\begin{subfigs}{results_questions}{%
Boxplots of the 7-item Likert scale question results (1=Not at all, 7=Extremely) %

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\section{Discussion}
\label{sec:discussion}
\label{discussion}
In this study, we investigated the perception of visuo-haptic texture augmentation of tangible surfaces touched directly with the index fingertip, using visual texture overlays in AR and haptic roughness textures generated by a vibrotactile device worn on the middle index phalanx.
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\section{Conclusion}
\label{sec:conclusion}
\label{conclusion}
\fig[0.6]{experiment/use_case}{%
Illustration of the texture augmentation in AR through an interior design scenario. %