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@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ As of today, an immersive \AR system tracks itself with the user in \ThreeD, usi
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It enables the \VE to be registered with the \RE and the user simply moves to navigate within the virtual content.
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%This tracking and mapping of the user and \RE into the \VE is named the \enquote{extent of world knowledge} by \textcite{skarbez2021revisiting}, \ie to what extent the \AR system knows about the \RE and is able to respond to changes in it.
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However, direct hand manipulation of virtual content is a challenge that requires specific interaction techniques \cite{billinghurst2021grand}.
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It is often achieved using two interaction techniques: \emph{tangible objects} and \emph{virtual hands} \cite[p.165]{billinghurst2015survey,hertel2021taxonomy}.
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It is often achieved using two interaction techniques: \emph{tangible objects} and \emph{virtual hands} \cite[p.165]{billinghurst2015survey}.
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\subsubsection{Manipulating with Tangibles}
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\label{ar_tangibles}
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@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Everyday perception and manipulation of objects with the hand typically involves
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Each sense has unique capabilities for perceiving certain object properties, such as color for vision or temperature for touch, but they are equally capable for many properties, such as roughness, hardness, or geometry \cite{baumgartner2013visual}.
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Both \AR and wearable haptic systems integrate virtual content into the user's perception as sensory illusions.
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It is essential to understand how a multimodal visuo-haptic rendering of a \VO is perceived as a coherent object property, and how wearable haptics have been integrated with immersive \AR.%, especially in immersive \AR where the haptic actuator is moved away so as not to cover the inside of the hand.
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It is essential to understand how a visuo-haptic rendering of a \VO is perceived as a coherent object property, and how wearable haptics have been integrated with immersive \AR.%, especially in immersive \AR where the haptic actuator is moved away so as not to cover the inside of the hand.
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% spatial and temporal integration of visuo-haptic feedback as perceptual cues vs proprioception and real touch sensations
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% delocalized : not at the point of contact = difficult to integrate with other perceptual cues ?
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@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ However, direct hand interaction and manipulation of \VOs is difficult due to th
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Tangibles are also used as proxies for manipulating \VOs, but can be inconsistent with the visual rendering, being haptically passives.
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Wearable haptics on the hand is a promising solution for improving direct hand manipulation of \VOs and for coherent visuo-haptic augmentation of tangibles.
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Providing coherent multimodal visuo-haptic feedback to enhance direct hand perception and manipulation with \VOs in immersive \AR is challenging.
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Providing coherent visuo-haptic feedback to enhance direct hand perception and manipulation with \VOs in immersive \AR is challenging.
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While many wearable haptic devices have been developed and are capable of providing varied tactile feedback, few can be integrated or experimentally evaluated for direct hand interaction in \AR.
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Their haptic end-effector must be moved away from the inside of the hand so as not to interfere with the user interaction with the \RE.
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Different relocation strategies have been proposed for different parts of the hand, such as the nail, the index phalanges, or the wrist, but it remains unclear whether any of them are best suited for direct hand interaction in \AR.
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@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This chapter reviews previous work on the perception and manipulation with virtu
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We first overview how the hand senses and acts on its environment to perceive and manipulate the haptic properties of real everyday objects.
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Second, we present how wearable haptic devices and renderings have been used to augment the haptic perception of roughness and hardness of real objects.
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Third, we introduce the principles and user experience of \AR, and overview the main interaction techniques used to manipulate virtual objects directly with the hand.
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Finally, we describe multimodal visual and haptic feedback have been combined in \AR to enhance perception and interaction with the hand.
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Finally, we describe how visual and haptic feedback have been combined in \AR to enhance perception and interaction with the hand.
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\input{1-haptic-hand}
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\input{2-wearable-haptics}
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